Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

• Patrick Stohmann,
• Sascha Koch,
• Yang Yang,
• Christopher David Kaiser,
• Julian Ehrens,
• Jürgen Schnack,
• Niklas Biere,
• Dario Anselmetti,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

• adatoms exceeds that for critical island nucleation, were observed here. We also found bright features with an apparent height of 1.6 ± 0.2 Å, which does not correspond to the height (≈2.5 Å) of a Au(111) single atomic step. The β-phase is characterized by a mesh of domain boundaries with an apparent

• well as gold monolayer islands. Domain boundaries are marked by black solid lines. (b) Top panel: high-resolution image of the α-phase (+0.4 V, 100 pA); bottom panel: high-resolution image of the β-phase (+0.4 V, 70 pA). (c) Low-magnification STM image (+1.0 V, 30 pA) of monolayers prepared from the

• -processed by using the Gwyddion v.2.41 free software. Analysis of dark spots and subnanometer voids in STM images The dark spots and subnanometer voids in STM images were marked by employing the segmentation function of Gwyddion 2.41. Only the spots inside the phase domains were marked, whereas the domain

Self-assembly and spectroscopic fingerprints of photoactive pyrenyl tectons on hBN/Cu(111)

• Domenik M. Zimmermann,
• Knud Seufert,
• Luka Ðorđević,
• Tobias Hoh,
• Sushobhan Joshi,
• Tomas Marangoni,
• Davide Bonifazi and
• Willi Auwärter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1470–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.130

• arrays is usually rather limited (<30 nm), with the narrow transition regions τ representing dislocations (Figure 3a) or mirror domain boundaries (Figure S6, Supporting Information File 1). STM images resolving individual molecules (Figure 3b) revealed a bright protrusion, attributed to the pyrene core

Hybridization vs decoupling: influence of an h-BN interlayer on the physical properties of a lander-type molecule on Ni(111)

• Maximilian Schaal,
• Takumi Aihara,
• Marco Gruenewald,
• Felix Otto,
• Jari Domke,
• Roman Forker,
• Hiroyuki Yoshida and
• Torsten Fritz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1168–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.101

• nearly perpendicular to the aromatic backbone and two smaller double lobes which correspond to the bisbenz[5,6]indeno end groups [26]. The large-area LT-STM measurement shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2 reveals highly ordered molecular domains with defects at the domain boundaries as well

Mobility of charge carriers in self-assembled monolayers

• Zhihua Fu,
• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Alexander Welle,
• Asif Bashir,
• Michael Rohwerder,
• Qiang Zhang,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2449–2458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.235

• ]. Domain boundaries, contaminations and defects have a pronounced, negative effect on charge carrier mobility. This fact calls for measurements on low-defect density samples, preferentially macroscopic single crystals, to determine the intrinsic mobilities. This approach, however, is difficult due to the

Kelvin probe force microscopy work function characterization of transition metal oxide crystals under ongoing reduction and oxidation

• Dominik Wrana,
• Karol Cieślik,
• Wojciech Belza,
• Christian Rodenbücher,
• Krzysztof Szot and
• Franciszek Krok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.155

• equiprobable orientations of (√5×√5)R26.6° domains, both rotated with respect to the (1×1) surface by 26.6 degrees. Those two domains are labeled A and B, both in LEED and STM images. Bright protrusions seen in the STM picture, which also decorate domain boundaries, are either oxygen vacancies/vacancy clusters

Polymorphic self-assembly of pyrazine-based tectons at the solution–solid interface

• Achintya Jana,
• Puneet Mishra and
• Neeladri Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 494–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.50

• forming several domains of varying molecular packing. These domains are separated by sharp domain boundaries. One such domain boundary is indicated by dotted white line. Detailed investigation of the surface revealed two distinct polymorphs, namely, I and II, which were distributed on the surface with

Pinning of a ferroelectric Bloch wall at a paraelectric layer

• Vilgelmina Stepkova and
• Jiří Hlinka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2356–2360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.220

• in Figure 3. The nonzero Pt peak located at the wall implies that these domain boundaries are indeed Bloch walls. The alternating sign of the Pt component in subsequent domain walls indicates that the energetically equivalent Bloch walls present in this simulation have the same helicity. For

Refractive index sensing and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using silver–gold layered bimetallic plasmonic crystals

• Somi Kang,
• Sean E. Lehman,
• Matthew V. Schulmerich,
• An-Phong Le,
• Tae-woo Lee,
• Stephen K. Gray,
• Rohit Bhargava and
• Ralph G. Nuzzo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2492–2503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.249

• on both sides of the z-grid to avoid artificial reflection errors from the domain boundaries. Appropriate periodic boundary conditions were used to define the square array. The frequency-dependent Au22 and Ag46 permittivities are described by the Drude–Lorentzian model over a wavelength range of 355

Triptycene-terminated thiolate and selenolate monolayers on Au(111)

• Jinxuan Liu,
• Martin Kind,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Daniel Käfer,
• Stefanie Winkler,
• Wenhua Zhang,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 892–905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.91

• , while the respective tilts are quite similar (41° in Trp0Se vs 44° in Trp0S and 33° in Trp1Se vs 37° in Trp1S, see Table 3). Higher defect densities and increasing numbers of domain boundaries not closely covered with thiolate molecules cause a lower overall carbon intensity in the XP spectra – as has

Scanning probe microscopy studies on the adsorption of selected molecular dyes on titania

• Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki,
• Lukasz Zajac,
• Piotr Olszowski,
• Res Jöhr,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Bartosz Such,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Marek Szymonski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1642–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.156

• group is introduced instead of one phenyl group. At a low coverage, the COOH-ZnTPPs are also adsorbed in a flat-lying geometry and exhibit pronounced mobility. However, a considerable number of molecules are found immobilized at surface defects or domain boundaries, and these molecules can hardly be

Efficient electron-induced removal of oxalate ions and formation of copper nanoparticles from copper(II) oxalate precursor layers

• Kai Rückriem,
• Sarah Grotheer,
• Henning Vieker,
• Paul Penner,
• André Beyer,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 852–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.77

• , which are oriented parallel to the surface. In accordance with previous results [26], a closer inspection of all recorded images shows that the needles preferentially grow along the domain boundaries of the underlying gold substrate, which act as nucleation sites. After an electron exposure of 2000 μC

Transformations of PTCDA structures on rutile TiO₂ induced by thermal annealing and intermolecular forces

• Szymon Godlewski,
• Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Marek Szymoński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1498–1507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.155

• diagonal axis. In turn, the bending changes the STM appearance of each individual molecule from two lobes into a single straight lobe, and consequently, the layer exhibits a brick-wall-like pattern. In principle, the STM images of the molecular layer exhibit the existence of the domain boundaries spreading

• located at the domain boundaries. The observed rearrangement of molecules from meandering molecular lines into a well-ordered layer upon increasing the coverage indicates a rather low stability of the meandering lines. The intermolecular dispersion forces are responsible for the formation of energetically

• ) and (b): closed molecular layer (blue arrows mark domain boundaries, while black circles and a green rectangle mark admolecules on the top of the first layer); (c) and (d): 0.7 ML of PTCDA molecules. Well-ordered structures were obtained by the transformation of the meandering molecular lines shown in

Enhanced fullerene–Au(111) coupling in (2√3 × 2√3)R30° superstructures with intermolecular interactions

• Michael Paßens,
• Rainer Waser and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1421–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.147

• C, are found in corners of Au(111) terraces or on domain boundaries of disordered R30° structures, respectively. First, we concentrate on the disordered R30° superstructure with clearly distinguishable dim and bright C60 molecules, which is considered in literature to be the most stable structure

Entropy effects in the collective dynamic behavior of alkyl monolayers tethered to Si(111)

• Christian Godet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 583–594, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.60

• observed near 230 K in Figure 7 may thus reveal the presence of end-gauche conformers at low temperatures, and an increase in internal gauche configurations (including kinks and double-gauche conformers) at higher temperatures. However, additional defects arising from disordered domain boundaries cannot be

Strain distribution due to surface domains: a self-consistent approach with respect to surface elasticity

• Javier Fuhr and
• Pierre Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 321–326, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.30

• ; Introduction The classical approach used to calculate the strain field that surface domains induce in their underlying substrate consists of modeling the surface by a distribution of point forces concentrated at the domain boundaries [1][2][3], the force amplitude being proportional to the difference of

Nanometer-resolved mechanical properties around GaN crystal surface steps

• Jörg Buchwald,
• Marina Sarmanova,
• Bernd Rauschenbach and
• Stefan G. Mayr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2164–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.225

• breakdown of half-space symmetry hinders a straightforward analysis, especially when stressfields significantly exceed the sample dimensions or become severely influenced by domain boundaries. Therefore, in the present study, a simple step of several atomic layers height has been studied as a model system

Probing the electronic transport on the reconstructed Au/Ge(001) surface

• Franciszek Krok,
• Mark R. Kaspers,
• Alexander M. Bernhart,
• Marek Nikiel,
• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Paulina Indyka,
• Mateusz Wojtaszek,
• Rolf Möller and
• Christian A. Bobisch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1463–1471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.159

• µec on the gold-induced Ge(001)-c(8 × 2)-Au surface reconstruction while a lateral current flows through the sample. On the reconstruction and across domain boundaries we find that µec shows a constant gradient as a function of the position between the contacts. In addition, nanoscale Au clusters on

• probed by applying a lateral current through the reconstructed surface. Even though the metallic contacts to the Au/Ge(001) surface may be farther apart, a local sensitive probe can study the electronic properties in the vicinity of the domain boundaries. We know from previous experiments that the Au/Ge

• the domain boundaries. Experimental The germanium substrate is cut from a wafer of a n-type Ge(001) crystal with a resistivity of about 30 Ω·cm. The cleaning procedure of the substrate consists of a few cycles of 600 eV Ar+ ion sputtering at a sample temperature of 1040 K (as measured by a pyrometer

Nanoscale patterning of a self-assembled monolayer by modification of the molecule–substrate bond

• Cai Shen and
• Manfred Buck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 258–267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.28

• one is that imperfections intrinsic to these layers, i.e., defects that cannot be eliminated such as domain boundaries and atomic steps in the underlying substrate, do not impede the passivation of these SAMs against UPD. More substantial defects such as impurities already present on the substrate

Adsorption of the ionic liquid [BMP][TFSA] on Au(111) and Ag(111): substrate effects on the structure formation investigated by STM

• Benedikt Uhl,
• Florian Buchner,
• Dorothea Alwast,
• Nadja Wagner and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 903–918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.102

• crystalline phase tends to grow in domains/islands which are limited by the domain boundaries of the herringbone reconstruction, i.e., by the bending points of the dislocation lines. This can be seen in Figure 5a, where the positions of the bending points of the Au(111) surface reconstruction are connected

• longer side of its unit cell along the Au(111) dislocation lines. Therefore domain boundaries of the adlayer structure often coincide with the connection line of adjacent elbows, where the Au(111) reconstruction pattern bends. 5) The (2D) melting temperature of the 2D solid phases is affected by

3D nano-structures for laser nano-manipulation

• Gediminas Seniutinas,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Gediminas Gervinskas,
• Etienne Brasselet and
• Saulius Juodkazis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 534–541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.62

• to a plane-wave illumination from the bottom, also modifying the lateral domain boundaries to periodic boundary conditions (PBC) to avoid diffraction of the plane wave from the borders. In this case, the reflected and transmitted power were measured by two power monitors, placed at either end of the

Molecular-resolution imaging of pentacene on KCl(001)

• Julia L. Neff,
• Jan Götzen,
• Enhui Li,
• Michael Marz and
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 186–191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.20

• an upright configuration. The molecular arrangement was resolved in high-resolution images. In these images two different types of patterns were observed, which switch repeatedly. In addition, defects were found, such as a molecular vacancy and domain boundaries. Keywords: KCl; molecular growth

• observed. Furthermore, the high-resolution images show domain boundaries and a defect resulting from a molecular vacancy. Experimental Experiments were carried out in an ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) variable-temperature SFM (Omicron NanoTechnology GmbH, Taunusstein, Germany) with a base pressure below 3 × 10−10

• that the molecules form islands in an upright configuration. Molecularly resolved images of these islands showed two types of patterns that changed repeatedly. High resolution images revealed further characteristics of the molecular film, such as different defects, e.g., molecular vacancies and domain

Electron-beam patterned self-assembled monolayers as templates for Cu electrodeposition and lift-off

• Zhe She,
• Andrea DiFalco,
• Georg Hähner and
• Manfred Buck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 101–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.11

• such as domain boundaries, substrate steps, missing molecules or contaminations can all serve as nucleation sites. Since reduction of the metal ion is determined by tunnelling of the electron, discharge is much more likely to occur close to the Au substrate than at the outer surface of the SAM

• ). Metal nucleation starts at the bottom of the SAM and deposits grow in a mushroom-type fashion until they coalesce to form a film (iv). (a) Illustration of different types of defects in a SAM. Domain boundaries (1) and substrate steps (2) as intrinsic defects; missing molecules (3) and contaminations (4

STM study on the self-assembly of oligothiophene-based organic semiconductors

• Elena Mena-Osteritz,
• Marta Urdanpilleta,
• Erwaa El-Hosseiny,
• Berndt Koslowski,
• Paul Ziemann and
• Peter Bäuerle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 802–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.88

• STM images of H12TCOOH some very interesting effects can be seen (Figure 6, center). At the domain boundaries, molecules in a nonlinear, bent shape can be distinguished (Figure 6, center right (i) and (ii)). In order to fill the space between the domains, the adsorbed molecules partially change their

• detailed analysis on the adsorption conformation at different solution concentrations of all the oligomers presented in this communication reveals that only the longest oligothiophene, H12TCOOH, changes the typical all-anti conformation to syn-containing ones at the domain boundaries. X-ray structure

• demonstrates a major contribution of intermolecular van der Waals and H-bonding interactions to the stabilization of the monolayer on the HOPG surface. Conformational changes of the H12TCOOH molecules at the domain boundaries of the adsorbate were shown for the first time for self-assembling oligothiophenes

STM visualisation of counterions and the effect of charges on self-assembled monolayers of macrocycles

• Tibor Kudernac,
• Natalia Shabelina,
• Wael Mamdouh,
• Sigurd Höger and
• Steven De Feyter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 674–680, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.72

• freshly cleaved HOPG surface. Figure 2a shows three different domains of 1, separated by domain boundaries. Regularly spaced bright columns are tilted 30° away from the main crystallographic directions of the underlying graphite and comprise the aromatic parts of the molecule. High resolution images

Distance dependence of near-field fluorescence enhancement and quenching of single quantum dots

• Volker Walhorn,
• Jan Paskarbeit,
• Heinrich Gotthard Frey,
• Alexander Harder and
• Dario Anselmetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 645–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.68

• homogeneous, isotropic and linear media. In brief: The electromagnetic fields at the domain boundaries are approximated numerically whereas the field strength within the domain can be computed analytically. The system is modelled by choosing a set of matching points on the domain boundary. Multipole emitters